Contract Farming in Buckwheat Cultivation

Contract farming is a deal between a producer and a buyer regarding cultivation of an agricultural product characteristically. In reality, terms and conditions of these contracts can alter dramatically. It can refer to those arrangements involving public firms, government organisations or NGOs and can also refer to private schemes. In this paper, it is only focused on contract farming on arrangements between farmers and private actors. In recent years, buckwheat has gained increasing notice as a promising functional food, owing to its several human health issues and lack of gluten. This study examines buckwheat farmers involvement in contract farming in districts of Gümüşhane province which is in the northeast of Turkey. An empirical analysis of the contract farming regarding the buckwheat farmers and postharvest practice has been provided. The survey was conducted in Kelkit, Köse and Şiran districts as only production places of the buckwheat in the province. Data collected from 30 farmers who are engaged in contract farming model. According to data, issues of the contract farming, marketing channels of the buckwheat and perspectives of the farmers for the buckwheat production with contract farming are addressed. The findings of this study reveal that the contract farming model, mostly eliminates the marketing-related concerns of the farmers in the region. Perceive benefits derivable from beginning to buckwheat contract farming was measured based on the following proposals (the commitments to purchase product, the market guarantee, the compliance with the contract terms, purchasing at the agreed price and timely payment) was evaluated using 5 point likert scale. As a result, buckwheat contract farmers should be monitored by the contract buyer for the continuity of the production

An investigation on determining optimum wall ratio–cost relationship of shear walled reinforced concrete buildings

Reinforced concrete walls are very efficient structural elements in terms of carrying the lateral loads that are expected to affect the structures during the service of the buildings. These elements, which are not used for economic reasons in buildings designed in areas with low seismic hazard, can actually provide a significant increase in performance with a very small increase in construction cost. In this study, a total of 9 building models have been created and the relationship between optimum reinforced concrete wall ratio and cost on these buildings has been investigated. The design and analysis of the models were carried out according to the criteria specified in TSC 2018. Three different structural systems specified in TSC 2018 were used in the designed models. These structural systems used; RC frame structures, RC wall-frame structures and RC wall structures. These structures were analyzed by Response Spectrum Method which is linear analysis method and base shear forces were obtained. Then, push-over analysis, which is a nonlinear analysis method, was applied to obtain the base shear forces that the structure can actually carry. After the analysis, the quantities of materials to be used for the construction of the structural systems of the models were calculated and current manufacturing prices and rough costs were calculated. In order to compare the obtained costs with the structural performances, nonlinear shear forces and linear shear forces ratios were calculated and the over strength factors were calculated for each model. In the light of the data obtained from the studies in the literature, when the over strength factors and cost values are examined together, it is concluded that the optimum design for the conditions specified in TSC 2018 will be provided with the RC wall ratio between 0.001 - 0.0016. It is concluded that lateral load carrying capacity of construction increases up to 650% by increasing the construction cost by 17% for the designed models

TOPSIS ve GİA Yöntemleriyle Finansal Performans Ölçümü: Bir Otel Uygulaması

Turizm, istihdama katkısı ve döviz getirici etkisi ile sürdürülebilir bir talebin oluşturulması gereken bir sektördür. Gerek ulusal gerek uluslararası çapta büyüme gösteren turizm sektörü, talebin artması sonucunda yoğun bir rekabet ortamıyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Yoğun rekabetin yaşandığı turizm sektöründe performans ölçümü, mevcut durumu değerlendirebilmek ve rakipleriyle kıyaslama yapabilmek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Giresun’da faaliyet gösteren bir otel işletmesinin 2018-2021 yılları içerisindeki finansal performansını TOPSIS (Benzerliğe Göre Sıra Tercihi Tekniği) ve GİA (Gri İlişkisel Analiz) yöntemleriyle değerlendirmek, elde edilen sonuçları karşılaştırmak ve Kovid-19 pandemisinin işletmenin finansal performansını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. TOPSIS yöntemi sonucuna göre işletme, en iyi performansı 2018 yılında göstermiştir. 2018 yılını sırasıyla 2021, 2019 ve 2020 yılı izlemiştir. Gri İlişkisel Analiz yöntemine göre ise otel işletmesi en iyi performansı 2021 yılında göstermiştir. 2021 yılını sırasıyla 2018, 2019 ve 2020 takip etmiştir. TOPSIS ve GİA sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında en iyi performansın gösterildiği ilk iki yılın sıralamalarının değiştiği görülmektedir. En kötü performansının gösterildiği 2020 yılında ise Kovid-19 salgının olumsuz etkileri görülmektedir

Low-grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (Appendiceal Villous Adenoma) with Cystic Fibrosis: A Case Report

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the dysfunction of exocrine secretory glands resulting from a mutation in the transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR) gene. As life expectancy increases in patients with cystic fibrosis secondary to advances in treatment, advanced age malignancies secondary to cystic fibrosis emerge. Especially, the frequency of gastrointestinal system malignancies and colon cancers increases with aging. Appendiceal tumors are a rare entity and constitute less than 1% of gastrointestinal tumors. We presented a villous adenoma encountered in an 18-year-old male patient with CF accompanied by clinical and radiological findings. Our case is the first reported appendiceal tumor that emerged in patients with cystic fibrosis

Total resection of inferiorly located sacral chordoma with posterior only approach: case report and review of the literature

Chordoma is a primary sacral neoplasm of ectodermal origin and makes up %1-4 of all primary bone tumors. It is usually present on the midline cerebrospinal axis and the most common locations are the spheno-clival region and the sacrum. The treatment of primary sacral tumors represents a challenge because of a large tumor mass at presentation and a hemorrhage risk in surgery. Sacral tumors may present a difficult problem to the surgeon who desires to obtain a clear margin of excision. Using the retrorectal fat tissue as a cleavage line in the posterior approach guides the neurosurgeon to resect the tumor totally and reduce the hemorrhage in sacral chordomas. In this case report, we tried to discuss the advantages of using of retrorectal fat tissue as a cleavage line in sacral chordomas under the literature.Kordoma ektodermal kaynaklı primer sakral neoplazmdır ve tüm primer kemik tümörlerinin %1-4’ünü oluşturur. Genellikle serebrospinal aksın orta hattında bulunurlar ve çoğunlukla yerleşim yerleri sfenoklival bölge ve sakrumdur. Primer sakral tümörlerin tedavisi; ilk ortaya çıktıklarında büyük bir kitle oluşturmuş olmaları ve cerrahide kanama riskleri nedeniyle çözülmesi gereken bir sorun olarak durmaktadır. Sakral tümörler, net bir eksizyon sınırı sağlamak isteyen cerrahlar için zorlu bir problem oluşturur. Posterior yaklaşımda retrorektal yağ dokusunun klavaj hattı olarak kullanılması; beyin cerrahına tümörün tümüyle rezeke edilmesi için yol gösterir ve sakral kordomalarda kanamayı azaltır. Bu olgu sunumunda, sakral kordomalarda retrorektal yağ dokusunun klavaj hattı olarak kullanılmasının yararlarını literatür eşliğinde tartışmak istedik

Patients that are having Covid-19 Disease After the First Dose of Covid-Vaccine

There is no effective treatment for the Covid-19 disease that is still impacting the whole world. It considered that vaccines, one of the effective means to prevent infectious diseases, will play a significant role in protecting from the Covid-19 Disease. Vaccinations generals performed before exposure. We aimed to follow the clinical and laboratory progress of patients who got Covid-19 after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine and to evaluate the changes that may occur in antibody formation. 13 patients, who received the first dose of COVID 19 vaccine Coronovac as of 14.01.2021 when vaccination started in Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital/Turkey, who had symptoms after the vaccine and whose real-time PCR found to be positive, were included in the study. After the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine, 13 patients exam. Three of our patients were female, and 10 of them were male. The average age was 38.8. British variant detected in 4 of our patients; 1 of them was female. Contact times differed between 3 and 5 days. The most common symptoms were muscle-joint pain (53.8), weakness-fatigue (46.2), fever (38.5), and headache (30.8). Three of our patients, being one female, received inpatient treatment. Furthermore, our five patients who checked regarding Sars cov-2 IgG became positive in the first month. No adverse changes in the course of the illness observed in the patients were RT-PCR positive after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine. Antibody response detected at the end of the first month.  Vaccination is an effective method for taking infectious diseases under control but adhering to personal protective measures still maintains their importance

Vieussens’ arterial ring: a rare coronary variant anatomy

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate Vieussens’ arterial ring (VAR) variants by consecutive coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography examinations.METHODSWe retrospectively evaluated the presence of VAR in a total of 3443 consecutive coronary CT angiography examinations performed between November 2010 and January 2015. CT examinations were performed with a 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. All CT angiography images were evaluated for the presence and morphologic features of VAR subtypes. VAR variants were classified into four subgroups.RESULTSEleven VAR variations (3.19‰) were identified. Type 1A was the most common VAR type (n=8), followed by Type 2 (n=2) and Type 3 (n=1). Type 1B was not detected.CONCLUSIONAlthough VAR variation is less frequently detected with coronary CT angiography than in previously reported anatomic series, coronary CT angiography is quite effective to reveal VAR subtypes and other relevant cardiocoronary anomalies

Relation of multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator score with long-term cardiovascular events in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial (MADIT) - implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) scores predict replacement requirement and appropriate shock in a mixed population including both primary and secondary prevention and long-term adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS: The study has a retrospective design. Patients who were implanted with ICD in the cardiology clinic of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine between 2000 and 2013 were included in the study. For this purpose, 1394 patients who were implanted with a device in our clinic were reviewed. Then, those who were implanted with permanent pacemaker (n=1005), cardiac resynchronization treatment (CRT) (n=45) and CRT-ICD (n=198) were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients (98 males, 67.1%) with a mean age of 61.1 (±14.8) years were recruited. The median follow-up time was 21.5 months (mean 30.6±25.9 months; minimum 4 months, and maximum 120 months). The median MADIT-ICD scores in the patients were 2. MADIT-ICD scores were categorized as low in 15.1%, intermediate in 57.5%, and high score in 27.4% of patients. Accordingly, MADIT-ICD scores (1.29 [1.00–1.68], p=0.050), hemoglobin (0.86 [0.75–0.99], p=0.047), and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (0.97 [0.94–0.99], p=0.023) were determined as independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in the long-term follow-up of ICD-implanted population. CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that there was an independent association of long-term adverse cardiovascular events with MADIT-ICD score, hemoglobin, and EF in patients implanted with ICD

Pre-school teacher candidates’ attitudes towards children rights in term of some variablesOkul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çocuk haklarına ilişkin tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

Today, the value given to children is increased and with the increased of this value, children's rights has started to appear among the issues that are often raised. In this respect, to teach rights effectively to children is very important from very young age. The aim of this study is to determined  pre-school teachers' attitudes toward children's rights. Sample of  the study consists of 382 teacher candidates who are  training in Adıyaman, Kilis 7 Aralık, İnönü, Atatürk, Kafkas, and Muş Alparslan Universities Pre- school Education Programme. The study is realized descriptive research approaches, based on the model of survey. As a means of data collection is used “Children’s Rights Attitude Scale” The data obtained were analysed by using SPSS program and suggestions were made in accordance with the results. There has been found no significant difference between the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards the child rights according to the variables of class level, educational level of parents, monthly income level of the family and taking the lesson concerning child rights however there has been noticed a significant difference according to the variables of number of siblings. ÖzetGünümüzde çocuğa verilen değer artmış ve çocuğa verilen değerin artmasıyla birlikte çocuk hakları da sık sık gündeme gelen konular arasında yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu açıdan çocuklara çok küçük yaşlardan itibaren haklarını etkili bir şekilde öğretmek oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çocuk haklarına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini okul öncesi öğretmenliği programlarında öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları; örneklemini ise Adıyaman, Kilis 7 Aralık, İnönü, Atatürk, Kafkas ve Alpaslan Üniversitelerinin okul öncesi öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören toplam 382 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma tarama modeline dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Çocuk Hakları Tutum Ölçeği” (ÇHTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 15.00 analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çocuk haklarına ilişkin tutumları arasında sınıf seviyesi, ailelerinin gelir düzeyi ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi ve çocuk haklarına ilişkin ders alma  durumlarına göre anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken kardeş sayısı değişkenine göre anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur